GameMaker GML

# GameMaker GML Rules

## Code Organization

- Keep object event code short and move reusable behavior into scripts or functions.
- Use clear prefixes or naming conventions for scripts, objects, sprites, rooms, and globals.
- Prefer functions over copy-pasted event blocks.
- Keep create-step-draw responsibilities separate.
- Put initialization in Create, simulation in Step, and rendering-only work in Draw.

## GML Style

- Use descriptive variable names and avoid one-letter names outside small loops.
- Prefer local variables with `var` or function-scoped declarations over unnecessary instance variables.
- Use constants, enums, and macros for repeated identifiers, layer names, states, and collision groups.
- Guard optional instance references with `instance_exists`.
- Keep global state minimal and document it.

## Gameplay Architecture

- Use finite state machines for player, enemy, UI, and game-flow states.
- Keep collision logic explicit and deterministic.
- Separate input collection from action execution.
- Use alarms, timelines, or explicit timers consistently; do not mix patterns without reason.
- Store save data through structured maps/structs and version the save format.

## Performance

- Avoid expensive searches such as broad `instance_find` or repeated collision scans in every Step event.
- Cache frequently used asset IDs, layer IDs, and object references when safe.
- Destroy data structures when no longer needed.
- Use object pooling for frequent projectiles, particles, or short-lived effects when allocation becomes costly.
- Profile before optimizing and keep hot-path code simple.

## Debugging and Testing

- Add debug overlays for collision boxes, state, velocity, and AI decisions when useful.
- Use assertions or explicit guard clauses for impossible states.
- Test room transitions, pause/resume, save/load, and controller/keyboard input separately.
- Keep reproducible test rooms for complex mechanics.

## Common Mistakes

- Do not put game logic in Draw events.
- Do not create data structures without destroying them.
- Do not rely on room editor instance order for critical behavior.
- Do not hardcode magic numeric state IDs.